Visual-motor reaction in Kempo athletes: A comparative analysis based on RVSS and RVSD tests

Abstract

In combat sports, visuomotor reaction time represents a key determinant of performance, influencing the effectiveness of offensive, defensive, and counterattacking techniques. The scientific literature provides limited data regarding specific interventions targeting Kempo practitioners aged 10–12 years. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a training program focused on segmental visuomotor reaction by comparing the progression of an experimental group and a control group. Methods: The study employed a longitudinal experimental pre-test–post-test design and included 24 junior Kempo athletes (10–12 years), allocated into two groups (experimental, n = 12; control, n = 12). Reaction time was assessed at baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T2) using the RVSS (left segmental visuomotor reaction) and RVSD (right segmental visuomotor reaction) tests, performed with the OptoJump Next system. Statistical analysis included descriptive indicators and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare Δ differences (T2–T1), with the level of significance set at p < .05. Results: The experimental group demonstrated reductions in reaction time of −0.111 s for RVSS and −0.064 s for RVSD, whereas the control group showed increases of +0.022 s and +0.053 s, respectively. Between-group differences were statistically significant for both tests (p = .002). Conclusions: The implemented program induced significant functional adaptations in visuomotor response among junior athletes, supporting the systematic integration of segmental reaction-oriented exercises into the specific training of Kempo practitioners.