Effect of physical activity with varying duration on adaptation processes of female basketball players

Abstract

The article deals with the study of adaptation capabilities of female athletes (by catecholamines concentration in the urine of female basketball players after physical activity) for the purpose of further excellence in sports and increase of functional reserves for maintaining health. The sympatho-adrenal system (SAS) is well known [Megeryan et al, 2015; Romanchuk, 2010; Sybil et al, 1997; Svyshch et al, 2018] to play a central role for homeostasis in the process of body adaptation to work in a stressful environment (emotional stress, long-term or high-intensity physical activity). Playing basketball at a high level suggests the combination of these stress factors. Namely, the excess of adrenaline (A) representative of the hormonal link of the SAS mainly of adrenal origin causes the condition of pre-start fever (“rabbit’s hormone”) [Megeryan et al, 2015; Romanchuk, 2010;Sybil et al, 2002].Simultaneously stimulating creatine phosphokinase and glycolysis, A promotes rapid energy production, i.e. realization of the physical quality of speed. The mediator link of SAS originates from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and is represented by noradrenaline (NA) – the “lion’s hormone” [Sybil et al, 2002]. Its excessive excretion is characteristic of the aggressive pre-start condition, and in case of unsuccessful realization of the sporting actions can change into a pathy.At the same time, in the process of overcoming long-term muscular efforts, the highest peaks of NA are noted [Megeryan et al, 2015;Romanchuk, 2010;Sybil et al, 1997;Sybil et al, 2002, 2015]. Thus, NA is related tothe physical quality of endurance.Therefore, the SAS-monitoring makes it possible to observe the athletes tolerance and adaptation to physical activity of varying duration. Thecatecholamine indicators (A, NA and DOPA) show both the physical fitness at the start and the specifics of adaption changes during sports activities.Since DOPA is a direct precursor in the synthesis of A and NA, it is considered a criterion for the reserve capabilities of the SAS in its implementation of homeostasis changes.The research involved 12 female basketball players aged 18-19 (candidates for masters of sports and masters of sports).The SAS-monitoringlasted 6 months and comprised the operative control (1 week), current control (1 month) and stage control (4.5 months) from the beginning of the training period. KA was determined in the urine of female athletes by a commonly used fluorescent method