Influence of anthropometric factors on postural control in school-aged children: A stabilometric evaluation

Abstract

Problem Statement: The gradual development of postural conditions during the school years progresses through a series of rapidly developing phases, including improvements in stability, balance, and coordination. The use of evaluation methods such as baropodometry allows to analyze foot dysfunctions by mapping plantar surface pressure, thereby indicating important postural anomalies. The aim of the study was to highlight the values of the center of pressure (COP) in relation to anthropometric parameters in children between 5 and 13 years of age. Approach: Children from the primary and lower secondary school in Italy (n = 141) and a subgroup (n = 35) using a stabilometric platform. Data acquisition lasted 10 seconds from the moment the participant positioned themselves on the evaluation platform. The study allowed us to highlight the values of the center of pressure in the developmental age with the influence of anthropometric factors. Results The results showed that height and weight influence front load percentages (p = 0.035) and center of pressure oscillations (p = 0.039) with an increase in both parameters. The average rearfoot load percentage among all study participants reached 62.7%. At the forefoot level, it reached an average of 37.3%. Conclusions: In children aged 5–13 years, a clear rearfoot predominance was observed (about 63%), with lower forefoot loading. As height and body mass increase, loading tends to shift forward, and COP sway becomes wider. These data point to postural control that is still maturing and support the value of early screening and targeted motor practice within school settings for children.